Gyratory crusher assembly



3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 16. 1961 Fig.1

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' GYRATORY CRUSHER ASSEMBLY Filed Oct. 16. 1961 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig.2

ATTORNEY Nov. 5, 1963 J. E. NYBERG 3,109,600

' GYRATORY CRUSHER ASSEMBLY Filed Oct. 16, 1961 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Fig.3 U n H 1| 1| H i u M Q I! ll H n H 138 13s w/maoza afi,

AT TDRNEY United States Patent Oiiice 3,109,609- Fatented Nov. 5, 1963 3,143,600 GYRATGRY CRUSHER AddEMhLY Johan Edvard Nyoerg, Hermelinsgamn 56, Kiruna, Sweden Filed Oct. 16, 1961, Ser. No. 145,099 Claims priority, application Sweden Oct. 19, 1960 (Claims. ((31. 241211) The present invention relates to :gyratory crushers of the type comprising a casing or frame including a crushing surface, a crusher shaft surrounded by said casing, and means connected to one end of the shaft to impart to the shaft and a crusher head mounted thereon a gyratory motion whereby material fed into the casing between the crusher head and the crushing surface of the casing will be crushed therebetween.

The main object of the invention is to provide a gymtory crusher of the type referred to which is reliable in operation and which to this end is provided with safety means responsive to uncrushable material entering into the casing between the crusher head and the crushing surface, whereby the crusher head may yield on the shaft to prevent damage of the vital parts of the crusher.

A further object of the invention is to provide a crusher assembly comprising a shaft and a crusher head yieldably movable relative to one another so as to provide for safety in operation.

A further object of the invention is to provide a gymtory crusher for crushing ore or other materials, such as stone or pebbles, with a high degree of crushing.

The yielding mounting of the crusher head on the crusher shaft may be effected in different manners. In an advantageous form of construction the crusher head has an internal conical face in engagement with a corresponding external conical face of a slidable sleeve which against a resilient force is axially displaceable on the crusher shaft. The resilient action may be effected by various resilient members. A simple and reliable construction which is particularly suitable in the present case comprises a plurality of piles of springs composed of resilient washers and inserted between a supporting member axially fixed on the crusher shaft and the slidable sleeve. For instance, if a piece of steel enters the passage between the crusher head and the jacket, the crusher head will be forced in a lateral direction with the result that the slidable sleeve under the action of the conical faces will be axially displaced and compress the springs.

In accordance with another embodiment, the externally conical slidable sleeve is supported by the shaft by means of a hydraulic device from which liquid under pressure is forced out or supplied upon displacement of the sleeve on the shaft. The hydraulic device may comprise a piston provided on the sleeve and fitting a cylinder carried by the shaft. Alternatively, the piston may be provided on the shaft whereas the cylinder may be provided on the slidable sleeve.

The transfer of the liquid under pressure to and from the cylinder involves particular problems. The difficulties are mainly due to the fact that the shaft makes a gyratory motion and, in addition, should be axi-ally displaceable. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention the difiiculties are overcome due to the fact that the lower end of the shaft is displaceably mounted in a spherical bearing and liquid under pressure is supplied through a tube which extends upwards into an axial duct in the end of the shaft, the upper end of the tube being located at or near the center of the spherical bearing. At its upper end, the tube is suitably provided with a sealing member having an external spherical sealing face in engagement with the wall of the duct.

Embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the drawing. FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of a gyratory crusher having a safety device according to the invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged axial sectional view of the lower part of the crusher according to a modified form of construction. FIG. 3 is an axial section of a further modification of the crusher head.

The frame or casing of the crusher comprises substantially three tubular parts, namely, an upper part 10, an intermediate part 12 and a lower part 14. These parts are provided with flanges and are interconnected by means of bolt joints 16, 18. The intermediate part has a projecting bottom plate or flange 2G by means of which the crusher is adapted to rest on a base which supports the crusher. The inside of the lower part 14 is in the form of an inverted frustum of a cone having fitted therein a substantially conformal lower wearing jacket 22. In line with the jacket 22, the intermediate part 12 has two further wearing jackets 24 and 26 constituting the outer boundary of the crushing chamber 28. Material to be crushed is fed into the crushing chamber through an inlet opening 29.

A crusher shaft 30 extends through the crushing chamher and has a lower reduced part or journal 32 and an upper flange 34 which forms a seat for a thrust bearing 38. Bolted to this flange is a bearing case 36 of a spherical roller bearing 40. This bearing is mounted on a crank pin 42 provided at the lower end of a drive shaft 44 which by means of antifriction bearings 46, 48 and 50 is supported in a bearing case 52. The lower end of the drive shaft 44 has a collar 54 onto which is keyed a balance wheel 56 the main purpose of which is to balance the unsymmetrical forces resulting from the rotation of the shaft 44. By means of a. V-belt transmission 60 the drive shaft is connected to a motor 58. The bearing case 52 is supported on the frame of the crusher by means of projections 61 formed on the frame and resting on an insert 63. The bearing case 52 is guided by three uprights 62 which are movable in cylindrical guide members 64 formed on the outside of the bearing case.

The lower part 32 of the crusher shaft is mounted in a spherical bearing 66 under which there is provided a lubricant receptacle 68 into which the lower part 32 of the shaft extends. The case of the bearing 66 is supported by a spider 70. The crushed material drops between the arms of this spider.

The crank mechanism 42, 54 at the upper end of the crusher shaft imparts to this shaft a circularly oscillating motion as a result of which the crusher head will roll along the lower wearing jacket 20 so as to crush material which from above drops into the crushing chamber. The crusher head is mounted on the crusher shaft in a manner such as to be able to yield against resilient action in the event of uncrushable material entering the crushing chamber. The crusher head consists of a core 72 and a wearing jacket 74 mounted thereon. The top end of the core has a spherical seat 76 which bears on a conforming spherical part 78 of the crusher shaft 30. At its lower end the jacket 74 is secured to the core 72 and locked thereto by means of a resilient annular segment 80 which is bolted to the inner core. At its lower end, the core has an internal conical face 82 which rests on a conforming external conical face 84 of a slidable sleeve 88 which is axially displaceable on the crusher shaft 30. A key 90 secured to the shaft engages an axial groove 92 in the slidable sleeve. The sleeve is axially supported by a plurality of resilient washers 94 which form piles of springs and rest on a supporting washer 96 axially fixed on the crusher shaft by a pair of nuts 98. Guide studs 1% are provided for guiding the resilient washers of each pile. A tubular sheet cap 102 prevents dust from entering the place where the springs are located.

The mode of operation of the safety device described is as follows: In the event of uncrushable material, such as a piece of steel, entering the crushing chamber 26 and dropping to the place indicated by the arrow A a lateral pressure will result, as indicated by the arrow B. This pressure acts on the core of the crusher head and will be transferred from the internal conical face hi: to the external conical face 191 of the slidable sleeve 88 and result in a force which has a' vertical component C. This component urges the sleeve downwards against the action of the springs 94. Even if the uncrushable material remains at the place where it got stuck, the crusher shaft will be able to continue its circularly oscillating motion. Due to the fact that the forces caused by the uncrushable material are resiliently taken up by the springs no damage will occur to the crusher. The lateral movement which is imparted to the crusher head by the uncrushable material will result in a deviation of the crusher head relative to the shaft, such deviation of the crusher head being rendered possible and guided by the spherical seat 76 of the head in cooperation with the spherical part '78 of the crusher shaft.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 the slidable sleeve 88 is provided with a tubular piston 104 fitting a cylinder 1% the lower end of which bears on the nuts 98 on the crusher shaft 30. Radial bores 108 open into the lower part of the cylinder, said bores communicating with an axial duct 11% which extends in the crusher shaft down to the lower end face thereof. The duct 110 communicates with a wider, lower part 112 into which extends a tube 114 the lower end of which is secured to the bottom of the receptacle 68 and the upper end of which opens near the center of the spherical bearing 66. A sealing member 116 provided at the top end of the tube .114 has an external spherical sealing surface 118 in engagement with the Wall of the duct 112. The center of this sealing surface coincides with the center, of the spherical bearing which comprises an externally spherical ring 120 through which the crusher shaft 30 passes and which fits a pair of bearing bushes 122 retained in a bearing case 124. The bearing case is supported by the spider 70. The lower end of the tube 114 opens into a chamber 126 which communicates with an external conduit 128 for a liquid under pressure.

The device illustrated in FIG. 2 acts to force liquid under pressure from the space in the cylinder 106 out through the bores 108 and the duct 110 and further through the tube 114 and into the conduit 128 if the slidable sleeve 88 in case of overload is displaced downward on the crusher shaft 31 as in the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. Consequently, the crusher head is able to yield. After the object causing the overload has been removed from the crushing chamber the sleeve 88 will be forced up again by liquid under pressure supplied through the conduit 128.

In the form of construction illustrated in FIG. 3 the annular piston 130 is secured to the shaft 30, whereas the slidable sleeve 88 is in the form of a cylinder 132 fitting the piston 130 which is secured to the shaft by means of the locking nuts 98. By means of radial bores 108 and an axial duct 110 in the end of the shaft the cylinder space 134 communicates with a conduit for the supply of liquid under pressure as in the case of the preceding embodiment. In principle, the mode of operation is the same as in the preceding embodiment. To prevent unnecessary wear of the conical faces 82, 84 by means of which the crusher head and the sleeve 88 are cooperating,

a jaw clutch 136, 138 is provided to prevent relative rotary movement of these parts.

What I claim is:

1. Gyratory crusher comprising a casing including a crushing surface, a crusher shaft surrounded by the casing, means connected with the top of the shaft to impart a gyratory motion to the shaft, a crusher head journaled on the shaft for angular displacement thereon, said head having an internal conical surface, and axially yieldable means having an external conical surface for supporting the crusher head on the shaft in cooperation with said internal conical surface to enable movement of the crusher head relative to the shaft in the event of uncrushable material entering the crusher between the crusher head and the crushing surface of the surrounding casing.

2. Gyratory crusher comprising a casing including a crushing surface, a crusher shaft surrounded by the casing, means connected with one end of the shaft to impart a gyratory motion to the shaft, a crusher head journaled on the shaft for angular displacement thereon, said head having a conical surface, an axially displaceable sleeve for supporting the crusher head, said sleeve having a conical surface in engagement with said conical surface of the crusher head, a support fixed to the shaft and spring means between said sleeve and said support to enable resilient movement of the crusher head relative to the shaft in the event of uncrushable material entering the crusher between the crusher head and the crushing surface of the surrounding casing.

3. Gyratory crusher comprising a casing including a crushing surface, a crusher shaft, a crusher head journaled on said shaft for lateral angular movement in relation thereto, a spherical bearing for guiding the lower end of the shaft in the casing, crank means at the top of the shaft for impart-ing a gyratory motion to the shaft and the crusher head for crushing material supplied to the casing, a hydraulic support means for the crusher head on the shaft, and means :to provide for supply and escape of liquid to and from said hydraulic support means to enable yieldable movement of the cnisher head on the shaft in the event of uncrushable material entering the casing between the crusher head and the crushing surface of the casing.

4. Gyratory crusher comprising a casing including a crushing surface, a crusher shaft surrounded by said casing, a crusher head journaled on said shaft for lateral angular movement in relation thereto, said crusher head having an internal conical surface, a spherical bearing for guiding one end of the shaft in the casing, crank means at the other end of the shaft for imparting a gymtory motion to the shaft and the crusher head for crushing material supplied to the casing, a cylinder and piston assembly, means supporting said assembly axially on the shaft, said assembly having an external conical surface engaging the conical surface of the crusher head, and means to provide for supply and escape of liquid to and from the cylinder of said cylinder and piston assembly to enable yieldable movement of the crusher head on the shaft in the event of uncrushable material entering the casing between the crusher head and the surrounding crushing surface of the casing.

5. Gyratory crusher as claimed in claim 4 and further characterized by the fact that the piston of the cylinder and piston assembly is a part of a sleeve axially displaceable on the shaft, the cylinder being mounted on the shaft in a fixed axial position. 7

6. Gyratory crusher as claimed in claim 4 and further characterized by the fact that the piston of the cylinder and piston assembly is mounted in a fixed axial position on the shaft, the cylinder being integral with a sleeve mounted axially displaceably on the shaft.

7. A crusher assembly for gyratory crushers comprising a shaft, a crusher head mounted on said shaft, a spherical bearing guiding the top portion of the crusher head on the shaft, and a yieldable support for the crusher head on the shaft, said yieldable support being adapted to permit lateral angular displacement of the lower part of the crusher head relative to the shaft, the spherical bearing determining the center of said angular displacement.

8. A crusher assembly for gyratory crushers comprising a shaft having a spherical bearing surface, a crusher head mounted on said shaft and provided with a spherical bearing socket at its top in engagement With the spherical bearing surface of the shaft and further having a conical surface, an axial support carried nonaXia-lly displaceable by the shaft, a sleeve axially displaceable on the shaft and having a conical surface in engagement with the conical surface of the crusher head, and spring means between said axial support and said sleeve.

9. A crusher assembly for gyratory crushers comprising a shaft, a crusher head mounted on said shaft and having a conical surface, a spherical bearing guiding the 'top portion of the crusher head on the shaft, and a hydraulic assembly for axially supporting the crusher head on the shaft, said hydraulic assembly comprising a cylinder element and a piston element, one of said elements having a conical surface in engagement with the conical surface of the crusher head to permit lateral angular displacement of the lower part of the crusher head relative to the shaft, the spherical bearing determining the center of said angular displacement.

10. Gyratory crusher as claimed in claim 4 and further characterized by the fact that the shaft is provided with an axial duct in its one end, said duct communicating with the cylinder of the cylinder and piston assembly, and that the means for the supply and escape of liquid to and from said cylinder comprises a tube fixed relatively to the casing of the crusher and opening into said duct, a sealing head being mounted at the end of the tube, said head having an external spherical sealing surface in engagement with the duct at the center of the spherical bearing for said end of the crusher shaft.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,021,895 Newhouse Nov. '26, 1935 2,066,281 Traylor Dec. 29, 1936 2,218,783 Bernhard Oct. 22, 1940 2,365,904 Peake Dec. 26, 1944 2,394,048 Farfan Feb. 5, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS 719,326 Germany Apr. 11, 1942 

1. GYRATORY CRUSHER COMPRISING A CASING INCLUDING A CRUSHING SURFACE, A CRUSHER SHAFT SURROUNDED BY THE CASING, MEANS CONNECTED WITH THE TOP OF THE SHAFT TO IMPART A GYRATORY MOTION TO THE SHAFT, A CRUSHER HEAD JOURNALED ON THE SHAFT FOR ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT THEREON, SAID HEAD HAVING AN INTERNAL CONICAL SURFACE, AND AXIALLY YIELDABLE MEANS HAVING AN EXTERNAL CONICAL SURFACE FOR SUPPORTING THE CRUSHER HEAD ON THE SHAFT IN COOPERATION WITH SAID INTERNAL CONICAL SURFACE TO ENABLE MOVEMENT OF THE CRUSHER HEAD RELATIVE TO THE SHAFT IN THE EVENT OF UNCRUSH- 